Effects of Cement Dust Inhalation on the Histomorphology, Endogenous Antioxidants and Neurotransmitter Release in the Brain of Albino Rat (Rattus Norvegicus)
Type
Thesis
Authors
Category
Medical Laboratory Science
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Publication Year
2023
Subject
A research project in Medical Laboratory Science
Tags
Abstract
Exposure to cement dust has been reported to lead to several health problems. Cement dust induces toxicity through the production of free radicals as reactive oxygen species (ROS), depletion of antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. This study aimed to investigate the effect cement dust inhalation on the histomorphological, endogenous antioxidant and neurochemical biomarkers on the brain of albino rat. 24 male albino rats divided into three groups (eight in each group), group A (control), B (exposure for 2 hours) and C (exposure for 4 hour) were used in this study. Rats were exposed to 200g of cement dust in a fabricated exposure chamber for
28 days; on the 27th day of exposure behavioural assays were carried out using the Elevated plus-
28th
maze and Y-maze model. On the
day, the rats were sacrificed, and the brains harvested for
assessment of the histological features using H&E and Cresyl fast violet staining techniques as well as biochemical (MDA, SOD, CAT, GSH and AChE) and neurochemical assay (GABA and Glutamate). Data were analysed using one-way and two-way ANOVA, with significance taken at p<0.05. The result for histological analysis showed degeneration of neuronal cells and disorganisation in cellular arrangement of the cells. Biochemical assay showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in MDA and AChE levels and a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in SOD and CAT levels, GSH showed no significant change (p > 0.05). GABA was significantly (p < 0.05) increased while Glutamate showed no significant effect (p > 0.05). Behavioural study showed increased anxiety-like behaviour and spatial memory impairment in exposed group. In conclusion, cement dust exposure has an effect on the histomorphological, endogenous antioxidant system and neurochemical activities in the brain of Albino rats, causing oxidative stress leading to cellular damage and degeneration.
28 days; on the 27th day of exposure behavioural assays were carried out using the Elevated plus-
28th
maze and Y-maze model. On the
day, the rats were sacrificed, and the brains harvested for
assessment of the histological features using H&E and Cresyl fast violet staining techniques as well as biochemical (MDA, SOD, CAT, GSH and AChE) and neurochemical assay (GABA and Glutamate). Data were analysed using one-way and two-way ANOVA, with significance taken at p<0.05. The result for histological analysis showed degeneration of neuronal cells and disorganisation in cellular arrangement of the cells. Biochemical assay showed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in MDA and AChE levels and a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in SOD and CAT levels, GSH showed no significant change (p > 0.05). GABA was significantly (p < 0.05) increased while Glutamate showed no significant effect (p > 0.05). Behavioural study showed increased anxiety-like behaviour and spatial memory impairment in exposed group. In conclusion, cement dust exposure has an effect on the histomorphological, endogenous antioxidant system and neurochemical activities in the brain of Albino rats, causing oxidative stress leading to cellular damage and degeneration.
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